Is Aeneas pious Essay Example for Free

Is Aeneas pious EssayFor many, Aeneas is the characterisation of theology he honours his duty to the gods and his destiny, his duty to his family, to his people, community and to his fatherland and he adheres to un mad values. Arguably the most pregnant aspect of piety is the adherence to his duty to the gods and his destiny, which I will discuss first. In take hold 1, Venus appears to her son, Aeneas in the pretension of a Spartan girl out hunting, wearing the dress of a Spartan girl and carrying her weapons. Aeneas recognises that the girl isAugustus also deified Julius in the Lex Titia in 43 BC, which legalised the molybdenum Triumvirate and marked the end of the Roman Republic. Augustus invoked the Lax Papia Poppaea in 9 AD to encourage marriage by making it more economically viable to be married and have children than to not. He also made adultery punishable by banishment by passing the Lex Iulia de Adulteriis Coercendis in 17 BC, and famously banished his solitary(p renominal) biological daughter, Julia the Elder in 2 BC.This encouraged family unity more than before, and encouraged fathers to stay with their wives and children, especially as there was an extra tax fit(p) on unmarried men above the age of 30. Aeneas demonstrates an incredible sense of duty to his people, community and fatherland right from the beginning of the poem. After the storm bring forth by Juno and Aeolus, and Aeneas and his men argon rescued by Neptune, who is furious that they were changing the natural pattern of his seas, without his permission.Aeneas thinks of his men first, and so, when he saw a herd of deer, he hunted, and killed s eventide huge carcasses (which he laid) on the ground, one for each of the ships. This demonstrates how he caters to their needs before his own. The household gods, which feature in book 2, are articulation of the Trojan community, and so when Aeneas, fresh from all the fighting and killing, refuses to touch them because of this, it de monstrates his reverence for the community. In book 4, he also shows consideration towards the community, simply Didos community in Carthage.Mercury tells us how he caught sight of Aeneas laying the foundations of Carthage with Dido. This devotion to the wider community, even though it means that he is digressing from his destiny, is still demonstrating piety. Aeneas not completely holds the Funeral Games in book 5 out of reverence for his father, but to also raise the morale of his men. Aeneas holds various races and matches which allow his men to be happy after the death of Dido, which they would have suspected happened, and also after the death of Anchises, and also of various men of the crew.Virgil represents Aeneas as having virtus, as he hides his true emotions inside, to protect his men. In book 1, Aeneas, although he was sick with all his cares() he showed (his men) the face of hope and kept his misery deep in his heart, which would have served to raise the morale of the men, if they knew their leader was not upset, they would be led by example. Augustus demonstrated his care for his community by giving 400 sercestes to each of the Roman plebs in 44 BC out of his own money.He also restored the Capitol, and the theatre of Pompey, () restored the channels of the aqueducts, (and) completed the Forum Julium and the bascilla between the temples of Castor and Saturn throughout his reign, up until 12 AD. irrelevant to Aeneas and also Augustus, as Aeneas is a characterisation of Augustus, Mezentious is not pious in his care of his community and people. Virgil depicts him as a shocking leader and in book 8 the poet divulges how the leader devised a new form of torture whereby living men were roped to dead bodies, typing them hand to hand and face to face, to die a lingering death oozing with putrefying flesh.Mezentius disdain for his men contrasts to Aeneas care and respect for his own men, and indeed of all men, as we see Aeneas rescues the Greek, forgotte n by Odysseus (Ulixes) from the Cyclopses, which enhances our views of Aeneas piety in comparison to this horrific leader. Aeneas piety is often defined by how he demonstrates stoicism, and he does so throughout the poem. Stoics believed that the notion of fate mustiness be respected and that no mortal man could, or should interfere with fate, as it is an inevitable force.The ability to endure what fate throws at you is also an important stoic trait, and one that Aeneas demonstrates again and again. In book 1, Aeneas leads his men through the storm started by Aeolus and Juno, until they are rescued by Neptune. He endures the storm, and motivates his men to avow in him after the storm, and this is principally why he is such a good leader- because of his resolve and endurance, which also defines his pious nature. A key stoic tenet is rationality of the universe, and features within Aeneas.Stoics believed that a rational, and of course, male mind is the best leader for any communit y, and this is the only way for a community to thrive- under one, rational, male leader. coincidentally Augustus Caesar fits these criteria, and so, had to kill Anthony. Likewise Cleopatra, who Dido is modelled of, had to die- she was female and so was irrational, so was a bad leader, and this also explains why she was so passionate, because the stoic stereotype of a woman, is that they are passionate, emotional and irrational.The divide between men and women is formed from the prejudice that women are irrational, and the stereotype that men are automatically rational. Throughout the poem, we are presented with the juxtaposition of the irrational females, predominantly Dido and Juno, and the rationality of Aeneas and Jupiter. Jupiter controls fate, installing rationality upon the universe and Juno attempts to derail fate, preventing Aeneas from following his destiny, which, of course, does not work.The victory of Jupiters fate is shown by how Jupiter guides Aeneas, which demonstrat es how the rationality of the male mind cannot be oerthrown by an irrational female, even one who is a goddess. Virgil was rumoured to believe that love and hate were both redundant as they were both concept which wavered from the path of fate, creating both opposites that were equally negative to a stoic. This perhaps explains why Virgil shows that the acceptance of fate and your destiny is the only way to achieve rationality.Virgils association with Augustus explains why women are portrayed as negative, because Augustus was inherently a stoic, and believed that women were irrational, and destined for dominating the domestic sphere, while men should dominate politics and war. Stoics were firm believers of the concept of mind over matter, presented by the Trojan womens matter of flames, which are extinguished by the mind (or fate) when Aeneas has to set sail shortly after the Funeral Games. The poet presents his audience with nurture for passion, desire and pain which all represen t destruction.We learn from his epic poem that Virgil believes that these poisonous emotions will not succeed when faced with fate, as women are primarily linked with fire, as we see Juno frequently described as burning with passion, and we also see Turnus described as burning, importantly both effeminising him and scorning war. Aeneas often has to deal with the loss of his men so that he can achieve his destiny one such victim of Aeneas fate is Creusa, who dies before they even leave Troy and another is Aeneas father, Anchises. He does more likely die of old age, although Aeneas still mourns his death.Aeneas must accept that there are casualties that must be endured if he can achieve his destiny. The father-son relationship was one that was influenced by stoic beliefs, as stoics believed that the father figure (pater patria) should always be obeyed as he is wise. At the beginning of the poem, Anchises is the pater patria, however once Anchises dies, Aeneas takes over as the pater p atria. Aeneas shows his dedication to his father by symbolically carrying him on his shoulders out of Troy, prioritising him even over his only son.These definitions of piety are interlinked, and cannot exist without the others, however, sometimes we see that to fulfil one part of piety, Aeneas must ignore another, and so the rules of what defines a pious person are all the way not set in stone. Nevertheless, Aeneas is as good as a portrayal of a pious person there is, and he is a reflection of how Augustus wished to be viewed. Thus, we have to ask ourselves, as the Roman audience would have Aeneas is undoubtedly pious and as pious as one man can, theoretically, be, but is he unachievably pious?And so, does this make him as much of a character of mythology as the monsters he encountered in hell, and because of this, I feel the important caput is not is Aeneas pious? but is instead, why is he pious? If Aeneas was not pious, and was instead a mimic of Homers Odysseus, who is often represented as Aeneas antithesis, would there be any purpose in Virgils poem? No, there would not, and this is why Aeneas is shown as pious, and was believed to be the ideal man by the Romans, a mould for which to cast their own characters in and form themselves by.

Gender Communication Essay Example for Free

sexual urge Communication EssayThe concept of sex is often poorly differentiated with sex, at clock even being utilized synonymously with sex. The terminology sexual activity commonly appears within both popular and academic discourses impacting social event ki simoleonsics. However, regardless of the shit in which the term appears, authors seldom specify what they imply by the terminology. It is widely assumed that readers and listeners already comprehend the connotation and hence explanation is ruled reveal as being unnecessary. The sex/grammatical gender disparity embodies some feminists attempts at breaking the link between the organic sex category and the social gender category. As per this social molding viewpoint, gender refers to the customary sense which ultimately becomes dependently linked to the body. When gender becomes understood to be culturally molded, it becomes likely to evade the essentialist impression which suggests that gender emanates for the organ ic body (Clancy, 2004). However, despite the fact that the disparity between culturally molded gender responsibilities and ahistorical organic sexes attacks the idea that females organic strain make up their social fate, it encounters some difficult dissociation of culturally-derived genders out of sexed bodies.Women and men exhibit dissimilar but similarly valid converse styles. The speaking innovativees displayed by both women and men own gender differentials. Essentialism belief holds that, since biological disparities between men and women exist, men and women are obviously dissimilar with regard to face-to-faceity and character. Strict organic essentialism proposes that ones gender construction is not influenced by nurture. Essentialists assume men to be aggressive, strong, violent, logical, brave, lustful, independent and disciplined.Conversely, women are viewed as being passive, weak, cowardly, gentle, emotional, having no sexual appeal, having no stamina and self-contr ol plus extremely invested in their associations with other persons. Aristotle suggested that men are more courageous, virtuous and noble as compared to women. The 1900s axiom philosophers like John Locke and Emmanuel Kant argue that the social separation of female and male gender is reasonable owe to the innate disparities between female and male bodies.Scientist in the 1900s studied studies on female and male bodies and proposed that since male craniums were bigger in comparison to female craniums and feminine pelvises proved bigger than masculine pelvises, males are more suited for business, politics and general community life, whereas females whose little craniums supposedly signified lesser intellect, were most suitable to child bearing and home tending (http//www. humboldt. edu/mpw1/gender_theory/perspectives4. shtml). The ramifications of essentialist gender perspectives are extensive.Conventional gender responsibilities are somewhat based upon some fundamental organic dete rminism a viewpoint that views biology as being destiny. Consequently, females have had the principal responsibility of housework and parenting, with men being the wage earners. Even presently, males outnumber females in government and business and women and girls are not as strongly urged to practice occupations in science, technology and math as are men and boys. Essentialists hold that gender is the same as sex, or that the two concepts are naturally-derived (God-given) and indivisible.Gender and observable sex indicators, such as, vagina and penis are inseparable. This theory holds that merely two gender types exist from birth and they are not altered throughout life. No continuum exists between these two genders since any appearances or behaviors not coherent with such suppositions are considered as being perverse. Essentialism holds that females are dissimilar with men owing to their anatomy, particularly their minor sex traits, hormones plus reproductive structures.Gender di sparities in verbal capability and visuo-spatial, aggression plus other actions, as closely as other mental and physical characteristics are attributed to pubertal or prenatal hormone contact. Essentialist stances may exist within developmental psychobiological, sociological, neuropsychological and ethological work. Magnetic tintinnabulation Image (MRI) female and male brain picture Disparities or other mental aspects, for instance, are at times regarded as mirroring inborn disparities.Gender disparities in spatial, verbal and Mathematical capabilities are usually regarded as being organically based (http//www. humboldt. edu/mpw1/gender_theory/perspectives4. shtml). Constructivists hold that gender as intimately as sex are derived from social relations and do not exist without social contact. It admits social influences upon persons gender. It assumes that manhood or womanhood implies endorsing some general function unique to an unmarrieds sex. Personal uniqueness, sexual inclin ation, as well as modes of socially interacting is determined by some set of individual constructs.This implies that gender and sex do not have natural foundations because nature itself is essentially socially defined. The constructivist quality of Gender and sex is rendered invisible through typical social life dynamics and this makes the two notions seem natural as opposed to artificial (Gergen, 2007). Persons construct undecomposed knowledge, through assimilation and accommodation processes, out of the experiences they undergo. Assimilation involves integrating fresh experiences into previously existent frameworks with no alteration of such frameworks.Such events could happen when persons experiences reflect their inner world representations however, they may as well happen whenever alteration of some defective understanding happens, for instance persons may fail to detect events, could misinterpret others input, or could conclude that some occurrence is flip some unimportant i nformation regarding the world. On the contrary, whenever persons experiences disagree with their inner representations, they could alter their viewpoints of such experiences with a view to conforming to their inner representations.Accommodation involves restructuring ones intellectual immaterial world interpretation to suit fresh experiences (Glasser, Smith, 2008). It is the means though which learning emanates from failure. When persons act based on the anticipation that the world functions in some proper(postnominal) way only for such expectations to be violated, such individuals usually fail. However, through accommodating such fresh experience as well as restructuring their position regarding the functioning of the world, persons learn through experiencing disappointment or the failure of others. .Constructivists suggest that gender representations systematize an individuals personality uniqueness, social awareness and social actions. The notion of classifying as each fema le or male is the vital initial action in the classification of human beings following birth, and owing to present-day(a) technological advances, even some months prior to birth. Sexual inclination whether bisexual, homosexual or heterosexual, at puberty it too viewed as a vital gender representation element that is vital to interpersonal actions and societal lives (Rosser, 2003).Men interact with the world as persons within hierarchical communal order whereby they are either placed down or up. Conversations in Such worlds comprise of negotiations whereby persons attempt to attain and uphold the dominant position when they can, as well as epidermis themselves from the attempts of others to shove them about and drag them down. Life, in such circumstances comprises of some contest or efforts to uphold autonomy and evade failure. Women approach the world as individual within some system of linkages.Ni such a world, dialogues comprise of consultations for intimacy whereby persons atte mpt to look for and offer support and confirmation, as well as to arrive at a consensus. Persons attempt to shield themselves from the attempts of others to drive them farther. Therefore, life consists of some community and efforts to uphold intimacy as well as evade segregation. Despite the fact that hierarchies exists in such world too, such hierarchies are associated more with friendship as opposed to accomplishment and power (http//openlearn. open. ac.uk/mod/resource/view. php? id=166569). Females too are inclined towards attaining status as well as evading failure, however, such objectives do not occupy all of their time, and women seem to anticipate for such goals while disguised as maintaining connection. Men too are inclined to attaining participation as well as evading segregation, however, they do not counseling on such objectives they seem to seek for them while disguised ads opposing them. Thus, Women and men seek entirely different entities during communication, and t hey as well functions as per varied rules.Mens self-worth originates form the capacity to attain outcomes whereas womens self-esteem originates form her sensations as well as the fineness of their relationships. Therefore, women fair better in personal contact and communication communication has primary significance (Armstrong, 2006). For womenfolk, relationships take precedence over technology and work. Individual expression, particularly regarding their emotions, is extremely crucial. Sharing of personal emotions has greater significance than attaining goals as well as success.Interpersonal contact and talk grants tremendous satisfaction. References Armstrong, A. (2006). Foucault and feminism. Retrieved on 25th May 2009 from http//www. iep. utm. edu/f/foucfem. htm. Clancy. (August 7th 2004). Essentialism adumbrate of 3W encyclopedia entry. Culturecat. Retrieved on May 25, 2009 from http//culturecat. net/node/486. Gergen, M. (2007). Positioning in general relations from construct ivism to constructionism. Retrieved on May 25, 2009 form http//74. 125. 95. 132/search? q= collectrvPREfxYUt8Jwww. taosinstitute. net/Websites/taos/Images/ResourcesManuscripts/manu_gergen_01.doc+constructivist/constructivism+views/approaches+on+gendercd=8hl=enct=clnk. Glasser, H. M Smith III, J. P (June 30th 2008). On the vague meaning of gender in education research the problem, its source, and recommendations for practice. http//74. 125. 95. 132/search? q=cacheKNx-Y-ZIM_EJaera. net/uploadedFiles/Publications/Journals/Educational_Researcher/3706/09EDR08-343. pdf+Compare+%26+contrast/ANALYZE+the+essentialist+view+%26+the+constructivist+views+on+gendercd=3hl=enct=clnk. Humbolt edu. Perspective used to look at gender. Retrieved on May 25, 2009

Applying theory of career construction to case study

Applying speculation of career construction to case champaignThe purpose of this case study is to apply Savickas Theory of biography Construction to a volunteer client Karen. Complete a narrative interview using the structured interview questions in the Career Style Interview, and employing the six steps. Discuss interpretations, observations and win her feedback.Theoretical foundation of Career Construction TheoryThe theoretical foundation of Career Construction possibility (CCT) has its beginnings from Constructivism, and according to Sharf (2009) Constructivism is a psychological approach that has developed push through of a postmodern philosophical position. It has been stated the Postmodernism period was a reaction to modernism, in that it highlighted the differences in individual views rather than a one-sided, rational scientific view of modernism. (Sharf 2009) Constructivist saw individuals as creators of their own destiny, and constructivist counselors sought to help cli ents discover that meaning and resolve whatever discrepancy. (Sharf 2009)According to (Sharf 2009, p316) the constructivism approach was greatly affected by the changing of the work environments in the 1970s. Employees were no longer staying with one position for their whole work action-time, as companies were becoming less loyal to employees and watching out for own bottom-line by downsizing their workforce to part-time. Employees soon discovered they needed to take charge of their coming(prenominal) and odored to career counselors for help. According to (Busacca, 2007) constructivist career counseling attempts to answer one question how privy an individual negotiate a lifetime job changes and not nod off a sense of self?Career construction theory (CCT) came nigh to help individuals develop meaning out of their career choices and actions. CCT addresses how an individuals career, is made from its personal and companionable constructs or interactions. These constructs are no t actual real reality, but an individuals representation of that reality. CCT defines career as an objective and subjective construct. Objectively speaking, career is a lean of positions from the past to present. Subjectively, career is the personal meaning or a pattern of experiences from past, present and future. (Savickas, 2005, p43)CCT is made of three distinct perspectives and each seeks to determine how the individual views their life and career, and how they work together. (Busacca, 2007) These perspectives are life theme, career adaptability, and vocational personality.The Purpose and the SuppositionsThe purpose of CCT is to help the individual discover the subjective meaning in their work. In part the individual discover this type of meaning, CCT stress the importance of the relationship between the individual and the counselor.Life themesIn geneva career development theory, his inventories were used to obtain critical information about the individual, and make predictio ns about a career path, and also the carely hood of success along this path. Career construction theory takes advantage of the individuals narrated work stories to discover both meanings or patterns. (Busacca, 2007) It has been stated that pattern is the primary unit of meaning. By consciously organizing and binding together these discrete experiences, a unifying life theme patterns (Savickas 2005, p 58) patterns becomes a fundamental and essential way of being because it provides a way for individuals to see themselves and see what is important in the world. (Savickas, 2005 p58)During a counseling session the individual is encouraged to tell about their work positions, experiences. They are also asked to develop a composition linking career relate experiences from the past to the present. The story becomes the focus of attention as individual narrates the counselor through their work and life stories. The counselor plays a less active lineament and listens for patterns in the individuals story. (Busacca, 2007)Career AdaptabilityOnce an individual has discovered a life theme, how they go about coping with the process of connecting with mixer expectations and how they construct their careers is the next step. (Savickas, 2005) Career counselors begin to ask questions of the individual much(prenominal) as How did you decide on that career? This is an important question to ask, because it relates to how the individual is choosing to cope or react to their social expectations. (Savickas 2005) stated adaptation was the interaction of self and society and it is this interaction where an individual develops their attitudes, beliefs, problem-solving and coping mechanisms. He went on to discuss four stages of adaptation resources. These resources are concern, control, tenuity and confidence. (Savickas, 2005)During the career concern stage, a career counselor focuses on whether an individual is concern about their future. A statement commonly made by individuals in this stage would be Do I have a future. A lack of career concern has a likelihood of becoming indifference which ordinarily reflects a feeling of pessimism about the future. Career concern is important because it helps the individual to relate their current activities to future endeavors. The closing of this stage is the building of continuity of past and future career activities. (Savickas, 2005) (Busacca, 2007)The career control stage, a career counselor focuses on whether the individual feels or believes they are responsible for their careers. A statement commonly made by individuals in this stage would be Who owns my future? The lack of career control has a likelihood of becoming career indecisiveness and can lead to attitudes of indecision. The goal of this stage is deciding by clarifying choices. (Savickas, 2005) (Busacca, 2007)The career curiosity stage, a career counselor focuses on whether the individual has discovered become between self and the world of work. A st atement commonly made by individuals in this stage would be What do I want to do with my future? The lack of career curiosity has the likelihood of becoming nave about work options. The goal of this stage is exploration, learning about self and clarifying values. (Savickas, 2005) (Busacca, 2007)The career confidence stage, a career counselor would focuses on whether the individual displayed self esteem, self efficacy and encouragement. A statement commonly made by an individual in this stage would be drive out I do it? A lack of career confidence has a likelihood of becoming unprovoked and unwilling to obtain their goals. The goal of this stage is to increase self acceptance, develop problem solving abilities and encourage the willingness to try even when things look dark. (Busacca, 2007) (Savickas, 2005)Vocational natureAccording to (Savickas, 2005) an individuals personality begins in the family, neighborhoods, and school. As that individual grows up, their characteristics are displayed everyday while doing housework, completing hobbies and playing games. CCT views these characteristics possibilities or hypothesis to explore for the discovering meaning. Unlike Hollands RAISEC which use an objective person-environment fit, CCT uses a subjective approach in demonstrating to the individual how they are similar to others in a given field, and share common feelings and ideas about work related activities.Account of Session with KarenCareer Style Interview with KarenKaren is 46 year old divorced African American women with three magnanimous children. She attended Central Florida College and has received her Associates in Health information concern. She is currently attending classes at University of Phoenix, and is enrolled in the Healthcare Administration program. Karen started her employment at a nursing home at the age of 18. At the nursing home she held the position for Nurses Aide for four years. Karen says after that four years she demonstrated to the m anagement team the characteristics of commitment and dedication. Karen was promoted to unit clerk at the nursing home. She held that position for two years and was again promoted to aesculapian record where she held the title of medical records specializer for five years. Karen reports she was then laid off from the nursing home for four months. She kept her faith and was able to secure a position as a receptionist at a law firm. She kept that position for 6 months and obtained a position a major hospital in the medical records discussion section. She worked in that department for next nine years. Once again she was promoted, now to Compliance officer, where she helped enforce the policies and procedures of the hospital. After one year she was asked by hospital administration to manage the medical records department and is currently the director of medical records.The Career Style Interview is currently being used to elicit self defining stories and identify Karens life themes an d patterns.How can I as a counselor be helpful to you in constructing your career?When asked how career counseling could be helpful, Karen replied Ive been told I need to look into changing fields from healthcare to business administration. So If I needed to use the services of a career counselor, it would be to help me map out a plan to switch me to the business program.Whom did you admire when you were growing up?Karen replied when she was growing up she admired her sister Vernice. Vernice display strong character and persistence to get through hard times. Karen connected with this aspect because she often wanted or need the strength to go on despite many adversities in her own life. Karen admired her mother next. Her mother has been ridiculed with numerous health issues and her mother kept her faith in God and fought back when others had given up on her. She next admired Michelle Obama for her sincerity and her down to earth presentation. She state, when Michelle speaks I can b elieve it, because I know she is speaking from the heart.Describe your dearie magazine, book, and TV show.Karen states her favourite magazine is Essence magazine. She states, the magazine affects the culture of African American and is very informative. She mentions her favorite book is F. and her favorite TV show is Little house on the prairie. She says, I love that show because its Christian based and it country, and I love the county.What are your favorite hobbies and leisure time activities?Karen states her favorite hobby is bowling. She replies, I like bowling because it can be done by yourself or with a group. You can be competitive or just relaxing.Do you have any favorite mottos?Karen states her favorite motto is you can do all things through Christ that strengths you.What are your favorite and worse subjects in high school?Karen states her favorite subject is high school was creative writing, history. I love to writing and telling a story and being the center of attention. What career did you parents want you to postdate?When asked what career did you parents believe you would be well suited for she replied, My parents wanted me to be a medical doctor.Describe for me four early recollections and give a story title for each one.Summertime in the Country we did have a TV and when we got done working in the fields, we would go down to the creek. The creek is where everyone would be and we would eat watermelons until we were fat.New adventures at the beach one summer when I was eighteen, a group of three boys and two girls went to the beach to go horseback riding. I was scared at first, because the horse didnt have a saddle on it.Bring life unto the world I remember the birth of my first child, who is all of a sudden now. I he was still alive today he would be twenty-five. I love him and I enjoy having the bundle of joy in my arms.The faithfulness to God when I was eighteen, I gave a speech to the people at the church. Back then I was good at speaking . I spoke with such a demanding tone everyone in the church stopped and listen. To this day that was one of the best speeches I ever gave.Karens Vocational Personality, Career Adaptability and Life Theme use (Savikas, 2005, p62) six steps I first make sense out of Karens stories by reviewing how career counseling can be helpful. In response to my opening question How can I be helpful to you in constructing you career? Karen stated she wanted to be more organize, structured and have a action-oriented goal plan. Karen recognized she is not getting as much done as she would like to be. She also recognizes that structure gives her the strength to be methodical, which is one of the characteristics her role modelling Matlock displayed. She is attempting to exert some career concern and control over her future. Karen mentions organized and action-oriented goal plan and these three terms reflect on Karens level of adaptability. By seeking organization and action oriented goal plans, she i s directly providing answers the question Do I have a future (career concern), Who own my future (career control) and Can I do it (career confidence)Second, I look for the verbs in her early recollection.Third, Examining headlines to early recollectionsFourth, moving from Preoccupation to OccupationObservations of KarenCounseling Session with Karen

Book Emperor Of The Air English Literature Essay

Book Emperor Of The Air English Literature try outThroughout many of his stories in his book Emperor of the Air author Ethan Canin explores the theme of comfort in relation to his characters. Depending on which source one uses, happiness ranges from the quality or state of universe keen to a state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy and according to the Oxford English mental lexicon Good fortune or luck in life or in a particular affair success, prosperity. Based on this, happiness is personal to the individual. Every write up in the book deals with the theme in its various forms still the three pieces I will examine distributively deal with this composition and its various definitions in their own ways, and I feel argon the best representations of happiness.In his second story The Year of Getting to Know Us Canin introduces the psyche of happiness at present and very matter-of-factly. Canin first questions the happiness of Lenn y while he is at the counselors when he is asked You sound as if you dont want to let people upright youRight? and Lenny responds with Im a reasonably happy man (Canin 26). After reading this, we get a sense that maybe Lenny is lying, that he is holding something back. How can soul be happy, going through what he has, and will continue to go through? The events that be explained further in the story his fathers death and his wifes affair, impose on this question further. On the very next page Lenny goes on to talk more or less his life saying I am struck by the untroubled fortune of my life (Canin, 1988). Perhaps Lenny truly is happy, as he early states an exact definition of the word in his thought of good fortune. Despite whole that has happened in his life, he remains pollyannaish, and desires himself to be happy, and maybe he is.The opposition to Lennys apparent happiness is the nearly constant nagging he receives questioning his emotions and capacity to feel anything a t only. Canin mentions such(prenominal) an instance immediately after mentioning Lennys good fortune in life when he states Anne says that I dont feel things (Canin 27). Lenny never questions whether or non if he is able to feel, but also never goes out of his way to show any emotion other than stating that he is indeed happy. as yet after witnessing his wifes affair firsthand, the only way Lenny can express himself is by writing down on a napkin you are a 40 year old man with no children and your wife is having an affair (Canin, 1988). Lennys apparent lack of any emotion that would come natur tout ensembley to anyone in the same condition is quite intriguing and leaves the reader questioning his feelings, if he has any. Another moment where Lennys feelings are under fire comes when he is a child and his mother asks him if he is angry and he responds with I dont know (Canin, 1988). This shows the reader that even though he was young, Lenny was indecisive about his feelings, and w hether or not he felt anything. Canin leaves the last of whether or not this character is happy or if he can feel, up to the reader.I believe that Lenny is and was happy, and just because a person may not show outward expressions of emotion, or whether they know exactly what they are feeling at a given time or not, does not mean they are not happy or unable to feel. Lenny has more than likely felt very conflicted about things as is stated by Canin near the end of the story after Lennys father has passed away But I didnt feel what I thought I would. Just the wind on my throat, the chill of the morning. (Canin 40). Given such circumstances it is easy to see why some may view him as being unhappy or without feeling completely, but with that being said, it is all subjective.Lies is the third story in Canins collection and unlike The Year of Getting to Know Us it does not introduce the concept of happiness quite as clearly. From the very first paragraph we see a certain sense of naivety about the character Jack, which is no more evident than when he says to himself whatever guys my age are kids, but Im eighteen and getting married and thats a big difference (Canin, 1988). This thought alone says a lot about Jack, and what he must be telling himself happiness is, and what happiness can be. We do not yet know that Katy, his girlfriend, is pregnant, or that he is soon to be a father. Canin does not tell the reader this outright, but hints at it, and leaves the reader to question Jacks motives, and his state of mind. Jack is trying to convince himself that things are good, and that everything will be O.K. but the truth of the matter is, that things will probably not be good, and he does not want to acknowledge this. He chooses to live in the moment, and lies to himself to be happy.Jack has no problems lying and Canin gives us an example of this when Katy says that she loves him, and Jack says to himself I dont mind lying, but not about that as if to say that it is O. K. to lie about some things, but not about others (Canin 50). When Jack does tell Katy that he loves her, it comes at the end of the story and almost seems forced, as if even he doesnt believe it and the lies he has been telling himself are starting to fade through. For a while jack is happy, but it is only a false sense of happiness because he had to lie to himself, had to trick himself into believing it. He acted in ways he normally never would have, and had to compensate with the lies.A question one should take into attachment when thinking about Jacks situation is should he be happy? Does jack have the right to be happy by whatever meaning necessary, even if it means lying to himself with no mind of the repercussions? The answer to this is yes. Jack realizes his situation, as Canin states I think about how this bit with Katy started and how fast its gone, and it kind of stuns me that this is what happened, that of all the ways a life can turn out this is the way mine is going to go (Canin 52). Despite his circumstances Jack chooses to remain optimistic about his future, and goes about this by lying to himself, hence the title of the story Lies.Pitch Memory is similar to The Year of Getting to Know Us in a couple of ways. Both of the main characters insist that they are happy, both have dilemmas they need to overcome, and both have people in their lives who believe they are not happy. Lenny had both his mother and wife, and the main character of PM, who is suspiciously nameless, has her klepto-mother.Canin gives us insight into why she may not be happy through a first person narrative perspective. Through this perspective it is not really necessary to know her name, and was a wise decision on Canins part because we are able to keep an objectionable distance from the character. Although we do not know her name, we do know about her family and her profession, as Canin states on page one-hundred Tessa is a heart surgeon and I am a waitress (Canin 100). From here we can see as to why she may be not as happy as what she says or thinks, but then again, does ones occupation really determine ones overall happiness? The answer to this is no, people can love their job but still be miserable and vice-a-versa. It does not matter that she is a waitress, but this is a fact that her mother cannot seem to comprehend.I have dealt with similar issues in my own life. I once told my mother that I would be perfectly happy with a career at Pizza-Hut, so long as I was able to live how I wanted. Granted this was a lie, but I was trying to make a point, and she understood this. Sometimes it takes people a weeny longer to come around, but if they truly care they will. The first example Canin gives of her mothers thoughts occurs when she receives a phone call from one her fathers old acquaintances who said Your mother is interested about what youre doing with your life. This shows not only that her mother cares about her life, but also that she is still som ewhat confused as to how someone could be happy circumstances pancakes. She actually goes on to tell her mother directly that she is happy as Canin illustrates Im happy, Mother. I dont want another job, I dont need a husband. Im happy (Canin 107). With this Canin directly tells us that she is happy, as she lists reasons to her happiness, and gives her a unique sense of logic about it. People make their own happiness, there is no standard as to what constitutes being happy. Thanksgiving dinner is when she proclaims her happiness yet again during dialogue with her motherMy Mother asks the waiter whether he minds working on Thanksgiving Day and he tells her that everybodys got to earn a living.Thats right, my mother says when the waiter leaves.Mom, I am earning a living.Are you going to serve pancakes the rest of your life?I think I will, I say, and this makes my mother start to cry(Canin, 1988). This is the most obvious declaration of happiness in the entire book, as she is able to f irmly stand her lay down and tell her mother that she is happy, and will continue to do what makes her happy, be it serving pancakes or cleaning the bathrooms at the restaurant.Canins theme of happiness in each of these stories takes on its own forms, and leaves the readers asking themselves questions about their own happiness. He addresses if one can be happy despite the gravest of circumstances, whether happiness can be attained by lying to oneself, and if someone can be happy despite not having the best standing in life and by doing what they love to do. He addresses each story with a realistic yet optimistic viewpoint on the subject, and is able to maintain it to the very last sentence in each.

Debate on Free Will Vs Determinism

Debate on Free Will Vs DeterminismThe debate over free pull up stakes and determinism has been going on for centuries from the sentence of great seeers ilk Thomas Hobbes and Isaac Newton and therefore these debates take for been the part of political and economic theories. Centuries confirm, majority select the nonion of determinism and destiny which never allowed singles to think out of the box. It restricted the individuals then to their resources and their philosophy permitted them to want for more. If it was not for free will then a person born disabled would give up all the hopes in life and would not find cure to make his life better, populations would accept oppression and ignore the position of a revolution. Along with this, law of nature and justice could not be enforced as the judgements would be made on destiny. Although determination is deeply rooted from centuries asit dictates the life of disabled people like Tatyana McFadden and luck plays its part as it did for Justin Bieber, however free will is the ideology of modern world because it has given birth to the concept of accountability, struggle, heavy(a) work, courage, planning, and therefore effecting norms of well-disposed responsibility and renaissance.Free will is making closings based on desires and then being accountable for the fact that whether it is a bad or good decision. The scheme of free will suggests that the individual makes decisions according to his preferences and is responsible for it, i.e. the individual is rational and is not bounded by any external factors and what he chooses is best for him. refer Herald Shipman portrays this theory as he first chose to be a doctor and then later used his profession to be a murderer. afterwards witnessing his mothers sufferings from lung digestcer Shipman motivated himself to be a doctor. After graduating as a doctor in 1970, Shipman adjustmentd his priorities and chose to kill his patients. He was sent to a rehab when it was found that he is addicted to a painkiller which he used to obtain from his patients prescriptions and suffered constant blackouts due to it. However, after two old age he was declared fit and got his license reissued. After getting a second chance Shipman never changed his priorities and ended up killing 250 of his patients intentionally. When proven guilty, Shipman was confine where he chose to commit suicide. Hence individuals like Shipman chose what they seek are best for them and are held completely responsible for it.Along with this free will has its cons too and it can lead an individual to ignore all the limits and end up in bad acts. It all depends on the personal responsible that how he treats it. Free will can be devastating for a person as in the case of Malcolm X who indulged in larceny, drugs and prostitution before he found the subroutine of his life. Malcolm X had a turbulent early life, his fireside was burnt down. His father died when Malcolm was sextette years old and his mother suffered emotional breakdown and was sent to rehab. Malcolm had to locomote in an orphanage for few years. Later he got to know gangsters, thieves, pimps and drug dealers. He ended up being a drug addict and adopted burglary as means of earning nearly biographies even say that sometimes he had sex with other men to earn money. He was arrested for burglary at the age of cardinal and was imprisoned for seven years. Malcolm X is a great example of free will in itself however he chose activities which disintegrated his life.Furthermore free will impacts the decision making power of an individual as it governs ones aptitude to struggle, recognize their abilities and ponder over how to make use of them. It empowers one to motivate them and not give up in life. For example Oprah Winfrey had to face harsh realities very early in her life plainly she never thought of giving up and ended up being an inspirational figure for women all over the world. Winfrey suffer ed from sexual harassment in her childhood and all the tensions forced her to run from her house in her teen age. However she chose a better life for herself and with her free will and spirit she made decisions which helped her improving her life. Her willpower can be seen from the fact that after such a disappointing childhood Oprah never gave up and sought way in education winning scholarship at a university. She recognized her abilities as a motivational speaker and joined a radio station at the age of seventeen and later she hosted The Oprah Winfrey show and became the articulatio of thousands of people. This smooths that her passion and commitment with her work and will to not give up made her one of the most influential personalities in the world.On the contrary, the concept of predestine has a major part as some characteristics are determined by birth and they structure ones future, i.e. whether that individual gives up or fight hard against the odds. Tatyana McFadden is a great example of the later as she was born with a paralyzed lower part of body but lock up ended up being gold medallist in Paralympics. When her mother got to know of her daughters disability she abandoned her and McFadden lived in an orphanage for six years. McFadden however was optimistic and had to walk on her hands because she was not able to afford a wheelchair. She never got discouraged by her illness and after her borrowing she took part in many sports like gymnastics and wheelchair basketball. At the age of eight she won two medals in Athens and since then McFadden hasnt looked back and went on going to win sixteen medals, including nine gold medals in her career. Hence it can be implicated that free will is the answer to hurdling set by what is determined at the start of ones life and how that individual wants to go along the life.Along with this destiny determines success for some and over shadow the free will, the very pattern worked for Justin Bieber as his career b egan through cyber fame. Destiny determined Justin Bieber to be where he is today, it casted away his free will. Biebers career started when he uploaded his music videos on You Tube to show his friends and family. He was lucky when Ushers agency contacted him and signed him up for Hollywood. Its destiny that can change peoples lives in seconds and can ruin it at the same time. There are so many talented people who upload videos on You Tube but all do not pass on the luck to be famous.Free will does not only direct the life of an individual but thrives the success of many great nations and teams. From all the success stories of independence, fights, revolutions and renaissance it can be seen that it is the will of the people constituting that notion and uniting themselves to bring success. Manchester linked is a living model of such teams who combat what is determined for them. On the sixth of February 1958, Uniteds squad was returning to The UK when their plane crashed at Munich airport after it was refuelled and out of forty four passengers, twenty one died instantly and many of the team members died later. Nonetheless, United never gave up and the depleted team went on Semi Finals of the European cup the same year. The staff and players together supported each other and were eager to regain their status as champions. This willingness to succeed and not to give up resulted in United becoming the English Champions nineteen times and the European Champions thrice since then. This verifies that free will can lead to hard work and can overturn the routes laid by what is predestined and of that what is to come in future.Free will and determinism are two concepts which are very a lot different from each other but also related at the same time. Stephen Hawking, an active member at Cambridge University is quoted as saying I have noticed even people who claim everything is predestined, and that we can do nothing to change it, look before they cross the road. Apart from this, success stories of Winfrey, McFadden and Manchester United reflect how individuals are masters of their own ships and they never let the circumstances, determinism or destiny take over them. These people choose their own destiny and outcomes. It is true that determinism exists but if the concept of free will is eliminated then the models of social responsibility, accountability, law and justice, morality, hard work and planning will all fail and life will have no meaning. Therefore it can be concluded that free will navigates the life of individuals as it allows them to tress pass determinism.

Intermediate Between Black and White Essay -- Literary Analysis

Intermediate Between Black and WhiteGray is not a colour, but an intermediate between black and white. It can be written many ways, from grey, gray, graye, or even grai. Like the words different of macrocosm spelled, it also has various meanings. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, gray is use to describe the dull or cold light of twilight, or a day when the sky is over-clouded (Anonymous). How ever so, the Oxford English Dictionary also defines gray as being a way to describe old age, the sunless light of the morning, or even a dull, anonymous or faceless person (Anonymous). Often, the phrase dark glasses of gray is used in a figurative manner to portray the area between right and wrong, good and bad, or even certainty and uncertainty. Sometimes, shades of gray can be representative of promise. In the inspiring novel, Between shades of gray, set during the Lithuanian deportation by the Soviets, Ruta Sepetys examines the survival of hope in humans when they are subjected to the worst of circumstances. Together, the deportees see past the sombre reality of their situation and help each other through the difficult times. Together, they advert to the hope of one day going back home, and living again. It is that hope that keeps them alive, and pushes them to keep on going when they have nothing left. The characters that help the Lithuanians see beyond black and white are namely Kretzky, an NKVD officer, Elena, the main character Linas mother, Mrs. Arvydas, Andrius mother, and Lina, herself. The ever-present theme of shades of gray is uncovered in even the close to peculiar places in Ruta Sepetys heartbreaking narrative. When Lina, her mother and her little brother are taken from their home and brought to a gulag in Siberia, the reader ... ...VD officer did so by helping the Lithuanians obtain food and some necessities. He did not fit the usual NKVD stereotype. Ruta Sepetys, through Elena and Mrs. Arvydas, proves that mothers will often do what ever it takes to ensure their childrens survival. But often, people find in themselves the will to fight for their lives, or what they believe in. This fact is proven through Linas character. kit and boodle CitedAnonymous. Grey. 1 September 2011. Oxford English Dictionary. 29 November 2011 .Mia, Marirosa. Between Shades of Gray. 14 March 2011. Please Dont Read This Book. 1 December 2011 .Sepetys, Ruta. Between Shades of Gray. Toronto Puffin Group, 2011.

Anthony and Cleopatra Essay -- essays research papers fc

Shakespeare Uses As His Source For The Play Plutarchs Lives Of The Noble Grecians And Romans. Plutarch, Along With Other Greek And Roman Authors, Saw An contrary Between The Conquering West Standing For Moral And Political Virtue And The Conquered East Representing Luxury And Decadence. How Does Shakespeares Play Present These Positions?Throughout William Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra, in that respect is the dichotomy of the hard-working political life of Rome and the luxury and pleasures of Egypt. The effect of the difference between the two couchs on the main characters, and on the plot, is a key ancestor throughout the play. It is common in Shakespeares plays for characters to talk about themselves in the third person, which gives them an elevated and important status. This is used to show the difference between the relaxed and dissipated Egypt, and the more formal ways of Rome. Octavius Caesar refers to himself in the third person often in the play, It is not Caesars nat ural vice to hate our great foeThis gives Octavius an air of importance, as he takes a tone of superiority over Antony because he is enjoying the luxuries of Cleopatras palace. Dance, music and song are commonly used in Shakespearean comedy, for example in plays like a Comedy of Errors or As You Like It. They often act as an uniting force, bringing together different groups or individuals. In Antony and Cleopatra,a tragedy, they are presented differently. They are used to indicate Egypt as a place of frivolity. Cleopatra remarks give me some music, moody food of us that trade in love. Music is never played in Rome, and there are certainly no comical characters (such as the eunuch Mardian) and little banter. The battlefront of music and dance, with an entertainer such as the Eunuch, shows Egypt to be a place of fun and frivolity in direct billet to the serious political business of Rome. Shakespeare in any case displays the contrast between the two places by his use of jocularit y, particularly puns and sexual innu removeo. These are prevelant in the Egyptian scenes, particularly in the exchanges between Cleopatra and her courtiers. Charmian My arm is sore. better play with Mardian. Cleopatra As well a women with a Eunuch played as with a woman This short exchange presents Egypt as a place of sexual innuendo and entertainment. Such conversations never tak... ...eir attractions, but they also have a tragic consequences. At the end of the play as Antony and Cleopatra both rip suicide. While Cleopatras death is symbolically romantic, Antony cuts a pathetic figure in death. There is a great sense of waste at the end of the tragedy, as a great man has come to nothing because he abandoned his sense and reason for the luxuries of Egypt. Throughout Antony and Cleopatra there is a sharp contrast between the bawdy humour and entertainment of the east and the stern morality and politics of the West. This is opera hat seen in Antonys downfall his death is caused by a romantic but illogical attempt at conquering Rome, and the battle of Actium shows the decadent Egypt destroyed and the sensible Rome victorious. In Rome Antony was at his best as a man a soldier and a statesmen, whereas as Antony says in the East my pleasure lies, as does his downfall. BIBLIOGRAPHYWilliam Shakespeare, Antony & Cleopatra, Edited by Emrys Jones, New Penguin Shakespeare mutantYork Notes Advanced, Antony And Cleopatra, Robin SowerbyRichard Gill, Mastering English LiteratureRuebel www.oeaw.ac.at/kvk/cte/